CPR · adult cardiac arrest
Unresponsive and not breathing normally (or only gasping). The brain starts dying in 4–6 minutes — compressions buy time.
- Check: tap the shoulders and shout. Look for no breathing or only gasping — take no more than 10 seconds.
- Call emergency services now (or send someone) and put the phone on speaker. Send for an AED.
- Bare the chest. Heel of one hand on the centre (lower half of the breastbone), other hand on top, fingers interlocked.
- Push hard and fast: at least 2 in (5 cm) deep, 100–120 per minute. Let the chest fully recoil between pushes.
- Do not stop. Swap the person doing compressions every 2 minutes if you can, to keep them strong.
- The moment an AED arrives, turn it on and follow its voice prompts — it will not shock unless a shock is needed.
3 cautions
- Do not stop to check for a pulse — as a layperson, if they are unresponsive and not breathing normally, just start compressions.
- Gasping is not breathing. Keep compressing.
- Do not pause to "see if it worked" — only stop for an AED shock, or when they wake or help takes over.